Immigration Glossary 移民法詞彙表
IAA Level 1 & 2 考核必備術語 | Essential terms for IAA competence assessment
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Immigration Rules
移民規則
The body of rules made by the Secretary of State which govern immigration to and
stay in the United Kingdom. Updated regularly via Statements of Changes.
由內政大臣制定嘅規則，規管入境英國同逗留嘅事宜。通過「變更聲明」定期更新。
Immigration
Entry Clearance
入境許可 / 簽證
Permission to enter the UK, typically granted before travel in the form of a visa
or entry clearance certificate. Required for most non-visa national categories.
入境英國嘅許可，通常喺出發前以簽證或入境許可證書形式批出。大多數非免簽證國民類別都需要。
Immigration
Leave to Enter (LTE)
入境許可
Permission granted to a person to enter the UK, either at the port of entry or in
advance through entry clearance. May be limited or indefinite.
批准某人進入英國嘅許可，可以喺入境口岸或提前通過入境許可批出。可以係有期限或無期限。
Immigration
Leave to Remain (LTR)
逗留許可
Permission to stay in the UK for a specific period or indefinitely. Can be granted
through extension applications or switching visa categories.
喺英國逗留特定時間或無限期嘅許可。可以通過延期申請或轉換簽證類別獲得。
Immigration
Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)
永久居留權 / 永居
Also known as "settlement" or "settled status". Grants the holder the right to live
and work in the UK permanently without time restrictions.
又稱「定居」或「永居身份」。持有人有權喺英國永久居住同工作，無時間限制。
Immigration
Overstayer
逾期居留者
A person who remains in the UK beyond the expiry date of their leave. Overstaying
is a breach of immigration law and can affect future applications.
喺簽證到期後仍然留喺英國嘅人。逾期居留係違反移民法，會影響日後嘅申請。
Immigration
Immigration Breach
移民違規
Any breach of immigration law, including overstaying, working illegally, or
breaching visa conditions. May result in removal or ban from re-entry.
任何違反移民法嘅行為，包括逾期居留、非法工作或違反簽證條件。可能導致被遣返或禁止再入境。
Immigration
Deportation
驅逐出境
The enforced removal of a person from the UK, typically following a criminal
conviction or where their presence is not conducive to the public good.
強制將某人從英國遣送離境，通常係喺刑事定罪後或佢哋嘅存在對公共利益不利時執行。
Immigration
Administrative Removal
行政遣返
The removal of a person who has no valid leave to remain, as opposed to deportation
which follows criminality.
對無有效逗留許可嘅人進行遣返，有別於因犯罪而執行嘅驅逐出境。
Immigration
British Citizen
英國公民
A person who holds British citizenship, either by birth, descent, registration, or
naturalisation. Has full rights to live and work in the UK.
持有英國公民身份嘅人，可以通過出生、血統、登記或歸化取得。享有喺英國居住同工作嘅全部權利。
Nationality
Naturalisation
歸化入籍
The process by which a non-British person acquires British citizenship after
meeting specific requirements including residence, good character, and language.
非英國人喺滿足特定要求（包括居住、良好品格同語言）後獲得英國公民身份嘅過程。
Nationality
Registration
登記入籍
An alternative route to British citizenship for certain categories of people, such
as children born in the UK to settled parents, or British Overseas Citizens.
某些類別人士獲得英國公民身份嘅替代途徑，例如喺英國出生但父母已定居嘅兒童，或英國海外公民。
Nationality
Good Character Requirement
良好品格要求
A requirement for naturalisation that considers criminal convictions, immigration
breaches, financial soundness, and other factors affecting character assessment.
歸化入籍嘅要求，考慮刑事定罪、移民違規、財務狀況同其他影響品格評估嘅因素。
Nationality
Residence Requirement
居住要求
For naturalisation: 5 years continuous residence (3 years if married to British
citizen). Maximum 450 days absence over 5 years, no more than 90 days in final year.
歸化入籍要求：連續居住5年（如果同英國公民結婚則3年）。5年內最多離境450日，最後一年不超過90日。
Nationality
Life in the UK Test
英國生活測試
A computer-based test covering British history, traditions, and values. Required
for naturalisation and most ILR applications. Pass mark is 75% (18/24 questions).
涵蓋英國歷史、傳統同價值觀嘅電腦測試。歸化入籍同大多數永居申請都需要。合格分數係75%（24題中答對18題）。
Nationality
English Language Requirement
英語能力要求
Applicants for naturalisation must demonstrate English language ability at CEFR B1
level or above through an approved test or qualification.
歸化入籍申請人必須通過認可嘅測試或資格證明，展示達到 CEFR B1 級別或以上嘅英語能力。
Nationality
British National (Overseas) - BN(O)
英國國民（海外）
A form of British nationality created for Hong Kong residents before 1997 handover.
BN(O) visa route introduced in 2021 provides path to settlement.
1997年回歸前為香港居民創設嘅英國國籍形式。2021年推出嘅 BN(O) 簽證路線提供定居途徑。
Nationality
Skilled Worker Visa
技術工人簽證
Work visa requiring sponsorship by a licensed employer. Job must meet skill level
and salary requirements. Can lead to ILR after 5 years.
需要持牌僱主擔保嘅工作簽證。職位必須符合技能等級同薪金要求。5年後可申請永居。
Visa
Family Route / Appendix FM
家庭路線
Immigration route for partners, children, and parents of British citizens or
settled persons. Governed by Appendix FM of the Immigration Rules.
英國公民或定居人士嘅配偶、子女同父母嘅移民路線。受 Immigration Rules Appendix FM 規管。
Visa
Spouse/Partner Visa
配偶/伴侶簽證
Visa for partners of British citizens or settled persons. Requires meeting minimum
income requirement (currently £29,000). 5-year route to settlement.
英國公民或定居人士配偶嘅簽證。需要達到最低收入要求（目前£29,000）。5年定居路線。
Visa
Student Visa
學生簽證
Visa for those studying at a licensed UK educational institution. Requires
Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS) from sponsor.
喺持牌英國教育機構讀書人士嘅簽證。需要擔保機構發出嘅「學習錄取確認書」(CAS)。
Visa
Graduate Visa
畢業生簽證
Post-study work visa for students who completed a qualifying course. Valid for 2
years (3 for PhD). No sponsorship required.
完成合資格課程嘅學生嘅畢業後工作簽證。有效期2年（博士3年）。唔需要擔保。
Visa
Visit Visa
訪客簽證
Short-term visa for tourism, visiting family, or business meetings. Maximum stay is
6 months. Cannot work or study (except short courses).
用於旅遊、探親或商務會議嘅短期簽證。最長逗留6個月。唔可以工作或讀書（短期課程除外）。
Visa
Global Talent Visa
全球人才簽證
Visa for leaders or potential leaders in academia, research, arts, culture, or
digital technology. Requires endorsement from designated body.
學術、研究、藝術、文化或數碼科技領域領袖或潛在領袖嘅簽證。需要指定機構嘅認可。
Visa
EU Settlement Scheme (EUSS)
歐盟定居計劃
Scheme allowing EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens resident in UK before 31 Dec 2020 to
continue living in UK. Grants settled or pre-settled status.
允許2020年12月31日前居住喺英國嘅歐盟、歐洲經濟區同瑞士公民繼續喺英國居住嘅計劃。授予定居或預定居身份。
Visa
Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS)
擔保證書
Electronic document issued by a licensed sponsor to a migrant, confirming they have
been assigned to a role. Required for work visas.
由持牌擔保人向移民發出嘅電子文件，確認佢哋已被分配到某個職位。工作簽證需要。
Procedure
Biometric Residence Permit (BRP)
生物特徵居留許可證
Card issued to non-EEA nationals with permission to stay in UK for more than 6
months. Contains biometric information. Being phased out by 2025.
向獲准喺英國逗留超過6個月嘅非歐洲經濟區國民發出嘅卡片。包含生物特徵資料。將於2025年逐步淘汰。
Procedure
Super Priority Service
超級優先服務
Premium service offering a decision within 24 hours of biometrics appointment.
Available for certain in-country applications at additional cost.
喺生物特徵預約後24小時內作出決定嘅高級服務。部分境內申請可用，需額外付費。
Procedure
Administrative Review
行政覆核
Process to challenge a visa decision where there is no right of appeal. Must be
requested within 14 days of decision for in-country applications.
喺無上訴權嘅情況下挑戰簽證決定嘅程序。境內申請必須喺決定後14日內提出。
Procedure
Right of Appeal
上訴權
The right to appeal to the First-tier Tribunal against certain immigration
decisions, particularly those involving human rights or protection claims.
就某些移民決定向一審裁判所上訴嘅權利，特別係涉及人權或保護申索嘅決定。
Procedure
Section 3C Leave
第3C條延續許可
Automatic extension of leave when a valid in-time application is submitted before
current leave expires. Continues until application is decided.
喺現有許可到期前提交有效及時嘅申請時，許可自動延續。持續到申請有結果為止。
Procedure
Points-Based System (PBS)
計分制
Immigration system where migrants earn points for meeting criteria such as
qualifications, salary, English language ability, and job offers.
移民系統，移民通過符合標準（如學歷、薪金、英語能力同工作邀請）獲得分數。
Procedure
Immigration Advice Authority (IAA)
移民建議管理局
UK regulatory body overseeing immigration advisers (formerly OISC). All
non-solicitor advisers must be IAA registered to provide immigration advice.
監管移民顧問嘅英國監管機構（前身為 OISC）。所有非律師顧問必須喺 IAA 註冊先可以提供移民建議。
Professional
Code of Standards
行為準則
The standards of conduct expected from IAA-regulated advisers. Contains 9
principles covering competence, client care, and professional behaviour.
IAA 監管顧問應遵守嘅行為標準。包含9項原則，涵蓋能力、客戶服務同專業行為。
Professional
Level 1 Adviser
一級顧問
IAA adviser competent to provide advice on straightforward immigration matters.
Cannot handle complex cases, appeals, or asylum claims.
有能力就簡單移民事務提供建議嘅 IAA 顧問。唔可以處理複雜個案、上訴或庇護申請。
Professional
Level 2 Adviser
二級顧問
IAA adviser competent to handle more complex immigration matters including some
human rights cases. Must pass Level 1 first.
有能力處理較複雜移民事務（包括部分人權個案）嘅 IAA 顧問。必須先通過一級考核。
Professional
Level 3 Adviser
三級顧問
Highest IAA level, competent to represent clients at Tribunal appeals and handle
the most complex cases.
IAA 最高級別，有能力喺裁判所上訴中代表客戶同處理最複雜嘅個案。
Professional
Client Care Letter
客戶服務信函
Letter setting out the terms of engagement, services to be provided, fees, and
complaints procedure. Required by IAA Code of Standards.
列明委託條款、提供嘅服務、收費同投訴程序嘅信函。IAA 行為準則要求提供。
Professional
Professional Indemnity Insurance (PII)
專業責任保險
Insurance required by all IAA-regulated organisations to cover claims arising from
professional negligence or errors.
所有 IAA 監管機構都需要嘅保險，用於承保因專業疏忽或錯誤而產生嘅索賠。
Professional
Competence Assessment
能力考核
Examination required for IAA registration. Level 1 includes MCQs and scenarios.
Pass mark is 60% for Level 1, 65% for Level 2/3.
IAA 註冊所需嘅考試。一級包括選擇題同情景題。合格分數：一級60%，二級/三級65%。
Professional
Conflict of Interest
利益衝突
Situation where an adviser's personal interests or duties to another client may
conflict with their duty to the current client. Must be disclosed and managed.
顧問嘅個人利益或對另一客戶嘅責任可能同對當前客戶嘅責任衝突嘅情況。必須披露同管理。
Professional
File Management
檔案管理
The proper keeping of client files including attendance notes, correspondence, and
evidence. Required for at least 6 years after case closure.
妥善保管客戶檔案，包括會面記錄、通信同證據。個案結束後至少需要保存6年。
Professional
Article 8 ECHR
《歐洲人權公約》第8條
Right to respect for private and family life. Can be invoked in immigration cases
where removal would disproportionately interfere with family or private life.
尊重私人同家庭生活嘅權利。喺遣返會對家庭或私人生活造成不相稱干擾嘅移民案件中可以援引。
Immigration
Proportionality Assessment
相稱性評估
Balancing exercise to determine whether removal would be proportionate to the
legitimate aim of immigration control, considering Article 8 rights.
平衡考量，判斷遣返對於移民管制嘅合法目的係咪相稱，同時考慮第8條權利。
Immigration
Paragraph 276ADE
第276ADE段
Immigration Rules provision for leave to remain based on private life. Requires 20
years continuous residence or meeting other specific criteria.
基於私人生活嘅逗留許可嘅移民規則條款。需要連續居住20年或符合其他特定標準。
Immigration
EX.1 Exception
EX.1 例外
Exception under Appendix FM allowing applicants who don't meet financial
requirements to qualify based on insurmountable obstacles or child's best interests.
Appendix FM 下嘅例外，允許唔符合財務要求嘅申請人基於不可克服嘅障礙或兒童最佳利益獲得資格。
Immigration